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- subject = Chemistry
- title = Platinum
- papers = Please put your paper here.
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- Platinum is a relatively rare, chemically inert, metallic element. It symbol
- is Pt, atomic number is 78, and its atomic weight is 195.09. Platinum is one
- of the heaviest substances known. One cubic foot of Platinum weighs 21 times
- as much as a cubic foot of water. A grayish-white metal, Platinum has a melting
- point of 1772 degrees C and a realatively high boiling point of 3827 degrees
- C. It has a high fusing point, is ductile and malleable, expands slightly
- upon heating, and has high electrical resistance. Platinum is seldom used
- in its pure stage because it is too soft. The third most ductile metal, it
- can be drawn into a thread one twenty thousandth part of an inch in thickness.
- It is extremely resistant to attack by air, water, single acids and ordinary
- reagents, but does dissolve in hot aqua regia, a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric
- acids. Platinum has the unusual property of being able to absorb large amounts
- of hydrogen at ordinary temperatures and resist it at high temperatures.
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- The first mention of Platinum occurs in the writings of an Italian physician
- and poet named Julius Caesar Salinger in 1557. A hieroglypic character made
- froma grain of Platinum dated back to the 7th century. Credit for discovery
- of Platinum has been given to Don Antonio de Ulloa, a young lieutenant in the
- Spanish Navy. The metal was referred to as the "platina de Pinto", meaning
- the siver like metal from the Pinto River. The first thorough study of Platinum
- was conductd in1750 by the English physician William Brownrigg. Brownrigg
- noted that Platinum was heavier and even more chemically inert than Gold was.
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- Platinum forms useful alloys with many other metals, including Iridium,
- Palladium, Rhodium, Ruthenium, Osmium, Gold, Nickel, Cobalt, and Tungsten.
- At high temperatures Platinum also reacts with Chlorine, Fluorine, Phosphorus,
- Arsenic and Sulfur. Among the transition metals, Platinum has the greatest
- tendencies to bond directly with Carbon.
- Platinum is used extensively
- in modern industrial society because of its chemical inertness, high melting
- point, and extraordinary catalytic properties. platinum is valuable for laboratory
- apparatus, such as tongs, combustion boats, crucibles and evaoporating dishes.
- It is also used for thermometers in furnaces, for electrodes in making quantitative
- chemical analyses, and for corrosion and heat-resistant instruments. Platinum
- is used extensively in the jewelry industry for setting diamonds and other
- precious stones. Rocket and jet engine parts often contain Platinum alloys
- because they must withstand high temperatures for long periods of time. At
- petroleum refineries, finely divided Platinum is used as a catalyst in upgrading
- the octane of gasoline. In automobiles, converters containing Platinum-Palladium
- alloys reduce air pollution from exhaust gases. High quality optical glass
- for television picture tubes and eyeglasses is melted in pots lined with nonreactive
- Platinum alloys. A form of Platinu
- m,cisplatin, stops cancer cell division
- and disrupts its growth pattern.
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